drupal_mail

• Drupal 5
• Drupal 6
• Drupal 7

Versions

5

drupal_mail($mailkey, $to, $subject, $body, $from = NULL, $headers = array())

6 – 7

drupal_mail($module, $key, $to, $language, $params = array(), $from = NULL, $send = TRUE)

Compose and optionally send an e-mail message.

Sending an e-mail works with defining an e-mail template (subject, text and possibly e-mail headers) and the replacement values to use in the appropriate places in the template. Processed e-mail templates are requested from hook_mail() from the module sending the e-mail. Any module can modify the composed e-mail message array using hook_mail_alter(). Finally drupal_mail_send() sends the e-mail, which can be reused if the exact same composed e-mail is to be sent to multiple recipients.

Finding out what language to send the e-mail with needs some consideration. If you send e-mail to a user, her preferred language should be fine, so use user_preferred_language(). If you send email based on form values filled on the page, there are two additional choices if you are not sending the e-mail to a user on the site. You can either use the language used to generate the page ($language global variable) or the site default language. See language_default(). The former is good if sending e-mail to the person filling the form, the later is good if you send e-mail to an address previously set up (like contact addresses in a contact form).

Taking care of always using the proper language is even more important when sending e-mails in a row to multiple users. Hook_mail() abstracts whether the mail text comes from an administrator setting or is static in the source code. It should also deal with common mail tokens, only receiving $params which are unique to the actual e-mail at hand.

An example:

<?php

function example_notify($accounts) {
foreach ($accounts as $account) {
$params['account'] = $account;
// example_mail() will be called based on the first drupal_mail() parameter.
      drupal_mail('example', 'notice', $account->mail, user_preferred_language($account), $params);
}
}

function example_mail($key, &$message, $params) {
$language = $message['language'];
$variables = user_mail_tokens($params['account'], $language);
switch($key) {
case 'notice':
$message['subject'] = t('Notification from !site', $variables, $language->language);
$message['body'][] = t("Dear !username\n\nThere is new content available on the site.", $variables, $language->language);
break;
}
}

?>

Parameters

$module A module name to invoke hook_mail() on. The {$module}_mail() hook will be called to complete the $message structure which will already contain common defaults.

$key A key to identify the e-mail sent. The final e-mail id for e-mail altering will be {$module}_{$key}.

$to The e-mail address or addresses where the message will be sent to. The formatting of this string must comply with RFC 2822. Some examples are: user@example.com user@example.com, anotheruser@example.com User <user@example.com> User <user@example.com>, Another User <anotheruser@example.com>

$language Language object to use to compose the e-mail.

$params Optional parameters to build the e-mail.

$from Sets From to this value, if given.

$send Send the message directly, without calling drupal_mail_send() manually.

Return value

The $message array structure containing all details of the message. If already sent ($send = TRUE), then the 'result' element will contain the success indicator of the e-mail, failure being already written to the watchdog. (Success means nothing more than the message being accepted at php-level, which still doesn't guarantee it to be delivered.)

Code

includes/mail.inc, line 82

<?php
function drupal_mail($module, $key, $to, $language, $params = array(), $from = NULL, $send = TRUE) {
  $default_from = variable_get('site_mail', ini_get('sendmail_from'));

  // Bundle up the variables into a structured array for altering.
  $message = array(
    'id'       => $module .'_'. $key,
    'to'       => $to,
    'from'     => isset($from) ? $from : $default_from,
    'language' => $language,
    'params'   => $params,
    'subject'  => '',
    'body'     => array()
  );

  // Build the default headers
  $headers = array(
    'MIME-Version'              => '1.0',
    'Content-Type'              => 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=flowed; delsp=yes',
    'Content-Transfer-Encoding' => '8Bit',
    'X-Mailer'                  => 'Drupal'
  );
  if ($default_from) {
    // To prevent e-mail from looking like spam, the addresses in the Sender and
    // Return-Path headers should have a domain authorized to use the originating
    // SMTP server. Errors-To is redundant, but shouldn't hurt.
    $headers['From'] = $headers['Sender'] = $headers['Return-Path'] = $headers['Errors-To'] = $default_from;
  }
  if ($from) {
    $headers['From'] = $from;
  }
  $message['headers'] = $headers;

  // Build the e-mail (get subject and body, allow additional headers) by
  // invoking hook_mail() on this module. We cannot use module_invoke() as
  // we need to have $message by reference in hook_mail().
  if (function_exists($function = $module .'_mail')) {
    $function($key, $message, $params);
  }

  // Invoke hook_mail_alter() to allow all modules to alter the resulting e-mail.
  drupal_alter('mail', $message);

  // Concatenate and wrap the e-mail body.
  $message['body'] = is_array($message['body']) ? drupal_wrap_mail(implode("\n\n", $message['body'])) : drupal_wrap_mail($message['body']);

  // Optionally send e-mail.
  if ($send) {
    $message['result'] = drupal_mail_send($message);

    // Log errors
    if (!$message['result']) {
      watchdog('mail', 'Error sending e-mail (from %from to %to).', array('%from' => $message['from'], '%to' => $message['to']), WATCHDOG_ERROR);
      drupal_set_message(t('Unable to send e-mail. Please contact the site administrator if the problem persists.'), 'error');
    }
  }

  return $message;
}
?>

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