class EntityReferenceItem

class EntityReferenceItem extends FieldItemBase implements OptionsProviderInterface, PreconfiguredFieldUiOptionsInterface {
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public static function defaultStorageSettings() {
    return [
      'target_type' => \Drupal::moduleHandler()->moduleExists('node') ? 'node' : 'user',
    ] + parent::defaultStorageSettings();
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public static function defaultFieldSettings() {
    return [
      'handler' => 'default',
      'handler_settings' => [],
    ] + parent::defaultFieldSettings();
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public static function propertyDefinitions(FieldStorageDefinitionInterface $field_definition) {
    $settings = $field_definition->getSettings();
    $target_type_info = \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getDefinition($settings['target_type']);
    $target_id_data_type = 'string';
    if ($target_type_info->entityClassImplements(FieldableEntityInterface::class)) {
      $id_definition = \Drupal::service('entity_field.manager')->getBaseFieldDefinitions($settings['target_type'])[$target_type_info->getKey('id')];
      if ($id_definition->getType() === 'integer') {
        $target_id_data_type = 'integer';
      }
    }
    if ($target_id_data_type === 'integer') {
      $target_id_definition = DataReferenceTargetDefinition::create('integer')->setLabel(new TranslatableMarkup('@label ID', [
        '@label' => $target_type_info->getLabel(),
      ]))
        ->setSetting('unsigned', TRUE);
    }
    else {
      $target_id_definition = DataReferenceTargetDefinition::create('string')->setLabel(new TranslatableMarkup('@label ID', [
        '@label' => $target_type_info->getLabel(),
      ]));
    }
    $target_id_definition->setRequired(TRUE);
    $properties['target_id'] = $target_id_definition;
    $properties['entity'] = DataReferenceDefinition::create('entity')->setLabel($target_type_info->getLabel())
      ->setDescription(new TranslatableMarkup('The referenced entity'))
      ->setComputed(TRUE)
      ->setReadOnly(FALSE)
      ->setTargetDefinition(EntityDataDefinition::create($settings['target_type']))
      ->addConstraint('EntityType', $settings['target_type']);
    return $properties;
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public static function mainPropertyName() {
    return 'target_id';
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public static function schema(FieldStorageDefinitionInterface $field_definition) {
    $target_type = $field_definition->getSetting('target_type');
    $target_type_info = \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getDefinition($target_type);
    $properties = static::propertyDefinitions($field_definition)['target_id'];
    if ($target_type_info->entityClassImplements(FieldableEntityInterface::class) && $properties->getDataType() === 'integer') {
      $columns = [
        'target_id' => [
          'description' => 'The ID of the target entity.',
          'type' => 'int',
          'unsigned' => TRUE,
        ],
      ];
    }
    else {
      $columns = [
        'target_id' => [
          'description' => 'The ID of the target entity.',
          'type' => 'varchar_ascii',
          // If the target entities act as bundles for another entity type,
          // their IDs should not exceed the maximum length for bundles.
'length' => $target_type_info->getBundleOf() ? EntityTypeInterface::BUNDLE_MAX_LENGTH : 255,
        ],
      ];
    }
    $schema = [
      'columns' => $columns,
      'indexes' => [
        'target_id' => [
          'target_id',
        ],
      ],
    ];
    return $schema;
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function getConstraints() {
    $constraints = parent::getConstraints();
    // Remove the 'AllowedValuesConstraint' validation constraint because entity
    // reference fields already use the 'ValidReference' constraint.
    foreach ($constraints as $key => $constraint) {
      if ($constraint instanceof AllowedValuesConstraint) {
        unset($constraints[$key]);
      }
    }
    return $constraints;
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function setValue($values, $notify = TRUE) {
    if (isset($values) && !is_array($values)) {
      // If either a scalar or an object was passed as the value for the item,
      // assign it to the 'entity' property since that works for both cases.
      $this->set('entity', $values, $notify);
    }
    else {
      parent::setValue($values, FALSE);
      // Support setting the field item with only one property, but make sure
      // values stay in sync if only property is passed.
      // NULL is a valid value, so we use array_key_exists().
      if (is_array($values) && array_key_exists('target_id', $values) && !isset($values['entity'])) {
        $this->onChange('target_id', FALSE);
      }
      elseif (is_array($values) && !array_key_exists('target_id', $values) && isset($values['entity'])) {
        $this->onChange('entity', FALSE);
      }
      elseif (is_array($values) && array_key_exists('target_id', $values) && isset($values['entity'])) {
        // If both properties are passed, verify the passed values match. The
        // only exception we allow is when we have a new entity: in this case
        // its actual id and target_id will be different, due to the new entity
        // marker.
        $entity_id = $this->get('entity')
          ->getTargetIdentifier();
        // If the entity has been saved and we're trying to set both the
        // target_id and the entity values with a non-null target ID, then the
        // value for target_id should match the ID of the entity value. The
        // entity ID as returned by $entity->id() might be a string, but the
        // provided target_id might be an integer - therefore we have to do a
        // non-strict comparison.
        if (!$this->entity
          ->isNew() && $values['target_id'] !== NULL && $entity_id != $values['target_id']) {
          throw new \InvalidArgumentException('The target id and entity passed to the entity reference item do not match.');
        }
      }
      // Notify the parent if necessary.
      if ($notify && $this->parent) {
        $this->parent
          ->onChange($this->getName());
      }
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function getValue() {
    $values = parent::getValue();
    // If there is an unsaved entity, return it as part of the field item values
    // to ensure idempotency of getValue() / setValue().
    if ($this->hasNewEntity()) {
      $values['entity'] = $this->entity;
    }
    return $values;
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function onChange($property_name, $notify = TRUE) {
    // Make sure that the target ID and the target property stay in sync.
    if ($property_name == 'entity') {
      $property = $this->get('entity');
      $target_id = $property->isTargetNew() ? NULL : $property->getTargetIdentifier();
      $this->writePropertyValue('target_id', $target_id);
    }
    elseif ($property_name == 'target_id') {
      $this->writePropertyValue('entity', $this->target_id);
    }
    parent::onChange($property_name, $notify);
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function isEmpty() {
    // Avoid loading the entity by first checking the 'target_id'.
    if ($this->target_id !== NULL) {
      return FALSE;
    }
    if ($this->entity && $this->entity instanceof EntityInterface) {
      return FALSE;
    }
    return TRUE;
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function preSave() {
    if ($this->hasNewEntity()) {
      // Save the entity if it has not already been saved by some other code.
      if ($this->entity
        ->isNew()) {
        $this->entity
          ->save();
      }
      // Make sure the parent knows we are updating this property so it can
      // react properly.
      $this->target_id = $this->entity
        ->id();
    }
    if (!$this->isEmpty() && $this->target_id === NULL) {
      $this->target_id = $this->entity
        ->id();
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public static function generateSampleValue(FieldDefinitionInterface $field_definition) {
    // An associative array keyed by the reference type, target type, and
    // bundle.
    static $recursion_tracker = [];
    $manager = \Drupal::service('plugin.manager.entity_reference_selection');
    // Instead of calling $manager->getSelectionHandler($field_definition)
    // replicate the behavior to be able to override the sorting settings.
    $options = [
      'target_type' => $field_definition->getFieldStorageDefinition()
        ->getSetting('target_type'),
      'handler' => $field_definition->getSetting('handler'),
      'entity' => NULL,
    ] + $field_definition->getSetting('handler_settings') ?: [];
    $entity_type = \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getDefinition($options['target_type']);
    $options['sort'] = [
      'field' => $entity_type->getKey('id'),
      'direction' => 'DESC',
    ];
    $selection_handler = $manager->getInstance($options);
    // Select a random number of references between the last 50 referenceable
    // entities created.
    if ($referenceable = $selection_handler->getReferenceableEntities(NULL, 'CONTAINS', 50)) {
      $group = array_rand($referenceable);
      $values['target_id'] = array_rand($referenceable[$group]);
      return $values;
    }
    // Attempt to create a sample entity, avoiding recursion.
    $entity_storage = \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getStorage($options['target_type']);
    if ($entity_storage instanceof ContentEntityStorageInterface) {
      $bundle = static::getRandomBundle($entity_type, $options);
      // Track the generated entity by reference type, target type, and bundle.
      $key = $field_definition->getTargetEntityTypeId() . ':' . $options['target_type'] . ':' . $bundle;
      // If entity generation was attempted but did not finish, do not continue.
      if (isset($recursion_tracker[$key])) {
        return [];
      }
      // Mark this as an attempt at generation.
      $recursion_tracker[$key] = TRUE;
      // Mark the sample entity as being a preview.
      $values['entity'] = $entity_storage->createWithSampleValues($bundle, [
        'in_preview' => TRUE,
      ]);
      // Remove the indicator once the entity is successfully generated.
      unset($recursion_tracker[$key]);
      return $values;
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * Gets a bundle for a given entity type and selection options.
   *
   * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityTypeInterface $entity_type
   *   The entity type.
   * @param array $selection_settings
   *   An array of selection settings.
   *
   * @return string|null
   *   Either the bundle string, or NULL if there is no bundle.
   */
  protected static function getRandomBundle(EntityTypeInterface $entity_type, array $selection_settings) {
    if ($bundle_key = $entity_type->getKey('bundle')) {
      if (!empty($selection_settings['target_bundles'])) {
        $bundle_ids = $selection_settings['target_bundles'];
      }
      else {
        $bundle_ids = \Drupal::service('entity_type.bundle.info')->getBundleInfo($entity_type->id());
      }
      return array_rand($bundle_ids);
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function storageSettingsForm(array &$form, FormStateInterface $form_state, $has_data) {
    $element['target_type'] = [
      '#type' => 'select',
      '#title' => t('Type of item to reference'),
      '#options' => \Drupal::service('entity_type.repository')->getEntityTypeLabels(TRUE),
      '#default_value' => $this->getSetting('target_type'),
      '#required' => TRUE,
      '#disabled' => $has_data,
      '#size' => 1,
    ];
    return $element;
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function fieldSettingsForm(array $form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
    $field = $form_state->getFormObject()
      ->getEntity();
    // Get all selection plugins for this entity type.
    $selection_plugins = \Drupal::service('plugin.manager.entity_reference_selection')->getSelectionGroups($this->getSetting('target_type'));
    $handlers_options = [];
    foreach (array_keys($selection_plugins) as $selection_group_id) {
      // We only display base plugins (e.g. 'default', 'views', ...) and not
      // entity type specific plugins (e.g. 'default:node', 'default:user',
      // ...).
      if (array_key_exists($selection_group_id, $selection_plugins[$selection_group_id])) {
        $handlers_options[$selection_group_id] = Html::escape($selection_plugins[$selection_group_id][$selection_group_id]['label']);
      }
      elseif (array_key_exists($selection_group_id . ':' . $this->getSetting('target_type'), $selection_plugins[$selection_group_id])) {
        $selection_group_plugin = $selection_group_id . ':' . $this->getSetting('target_type');
        $handlers_options[$selection_group_plugin] = Html::escape($selection_plugins[$selection_group_id][$selection_group_plugin]['base_plugin_label']);
      }
    }
    $form = [
      '#type' => 'container',
      '#process' => [
        [
          get_class($this),
          'fieldSettingsAjaxProcess',
        ],
      ],
      '#element_validate' => [
        [
          get_class($this),
          'fieldSettingsFormValidate',
        ],
      ],
    ];
    $form['handler'] = [
      '#type' => 'details',
      '#title' => t('Reference type'),
      '#open' => TRUE,
      '#tree' => TRUE,
      '#process' => [
        [
          get_class($this),
          'formProcessMergeParent',
        ],
      ],
    ];
    $form['handler']['handler'] = [
      '#type' => 'select',
      '#title' => t('Reference method'),
      '#options' => $handlers_options,
      '#default_value' => $field->getSetting('handler'),
      '#required' => TRUE,
      '#ajax' => TRUE,
      '#limit_validation_errors' => [],
    ];
    $form['handler']['handler_submit'] = [
      '#type' => 'submit',
      '#value' => t('Change handler'),
      '#limit_validation_errors' => [],
      '#attributes' => [
        'class' => [
          'js-hide',
        ],
      ],
      '#submit' => [
        [
          get_class($this),
          'settingsAjaxSubmit',
        ],
      ],
    ];
    $form['handler']['handler_settings'] = [
      '#type' => 'container',
      '#attributes' => [
        'class' => [
          'entity_reference-settings',
        ],
      ],
    ];
    $handler = \Drupal::service('plugin.manager.entity_reference_selection')->getSelectionHandler($field);
    $form['handler']['handler_settings'] += $handler->buildConfigurationForm([], $form_state);
    return $form;
  }
  
  /**
   * Form element validation handler; Invokes selection plugin's validation.
   *
   * @param array $form
   *   The form where the settings form is being included in.
   * @param \Drupal\Core\Form\FormStateInterface $form_state
   *   The form state of the (entire) configuration form.
   */
  public static function fieldSettingsFormValidate(array $form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
    $field = $form_state->getFormObject()
      ->getEntity();
    $handler = \Drupal::service('plugin.manager.entity_reference_selection')->getSelectionHandler($field);
    $handler->validateConfigurationForm($form, $form_state);
  }
  
  /**
   * Determines whether the item holds an unsaved entity.
   *
   * This is notably used for "autocreate" widgets, and more generally to
   * support referencing freshly created entities (they will get saved
   * automatically as the hosting entity gets saved).
   *
   * @return bool
   *   TRUE if the item holds an unsaved entity.
   */
  public function hasNewEntity() {
    return !$this->isEmpty() && $this->target_id === NULL && $this->entity
      ->isNew();
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public static function calculateDependencies(FieldDefinitionInterface $field_definition) {
    $dependencies = parent::calculateDependencies($field_definition);
    $entity_type_manager = \Drupal::entityTypeManager();
    $target_entity_type = $entity_type_manager->getDefinition($field_definition->getFieldStorageDefinition()
      ->getSetting('target_type'));
    // Depend on default values entity types configurations.
    if ($default_value = $field_definition->getDefaultValueLiteral()) {
      $entity_repository = \Drupal::service('entity.repository');
      foreach ($default_value as $value) {
        if (is_array($value) && isset($value['target_uuid'])) {
          $entity = $entity_repository->loadEntityByUuid($target_entity_type->id(), $value['target_uuid']);
          // If the entity does not exist do not create the dependency.
          // @see \Drupal\Core\Field\EntityReferenceFieldItemList::processDefaultValue()
          if ($entity) {
            $dependencies[$target_entity_type->getConfigDependencyKey()][] = $entity->getConfigDependencyName();
          }
        }
      }
    }
    // Depend on target bundle configurations. Dependencies for 'target_bundles'
    // also covers the 'auto_create_bundle' setting, if any, because its value
    // is included in the 'target_bundles' list.
    $handler = $field_definition->getSetting('handler_settings');
    if (!empty($handler['target_bundles'])) {
      if ($bundle_entity_type_id = $target_entity_type->getBundleEntityType()) {
        if ($storage = $entity_type_manager->getStorage($bundle_entity_type_id)) {
          foreach ($storage->loadMultiple($handler['target_bundles']) as $bundle) {
            $dependencies[$bundle->getConfigDependencyKey()][] = $bundle->getConfigDependencyName();
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return $dependencies;
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public static function calculateStorageDependencies(FieldStorageDefinitionInterface $field_definition) {
    $dependencies = parent::calculateStorageDependencies($field_definition);
    $target_entity_type = \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getDefinition($field_definition->getSetting('target_type'));
    $dependencies['module'][] = $target_entity_type->getProvider();
    return $dependencies;
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public static function onDependencyRemoval(FieldDefinitionInterface $field_definition, array $dependencies) {
    $changed = parent::onDependencyRemoval($field_definition, $dependencies);
    $entity_type_manager = \Drupal::entityTypeManager();
    $target_entity_type = $entity_type_manager->getDefinition($field_definition->getFieldStorageDefinition()
      ->getSetting('target_type'));
    // Try to update the default value config dependency, if possible.
    if ($default_value = $field_definition->getDefaultValueLiteral()) {
      $entity_repository = \Drupal::service('entity.repository');
      foreach ($default_value as $key => $value) {
        if (is_array($value) && isset($value['target_uuid'])) {
          $entity = $entity_repository->loadEntityByUuid($target_entity_type->id(), $value['target_uuid']);
          // @see \Drupal\Core\Field\EntityReferenceFieldItemList::processDefaultValue()
          if ($entity && isset($dependencies[$entity->getConfigDependencyKey()][$entity->getConfigDependencyName()])) {
            unset($default_value[$key]);
            $changed = TRUE;
          }
        }
      }
      if ($changed) {
        $field_definition->setDefaultValue($default_value);
      }
    }
    // Update the 'target_bundles' handler setting if a bundle config dependency
    // has been removed.
    $bundles_changed = FALSE;
    $handler_settings = $field_definition->getSetting('handler_settings');
    if (!empty($handler_settings['target_bundles'])) {
      if ($bundle_entity_type_id = $target_entity_type->getBundleEntityType()) {
        if ($storage = $entity_type_manager->getStorage($bundle_entity_type_id)) {
          foreach ($storage->loadMultiple($handler_settings['target_bundles']) as $bundle) {
            if (isset($dependencies[$bundle->getConfigDependencyKey()][$bundle->getConfigDependencyName()])) {
              unset($handler_settings['target_bundles'][$bundle->id()]);
              // If this bundle is also used in the 'auto_create_bundle'
              // setting, disable the auto-creation feature completely.
              $auto_create_bundle = !empty($handler_settings['auto_create_bundle']) ? $handler_settings['auto_create_bundle'] : FALSE;
              if ($auto_create_bundle && $auto_create_bundle == $bundle->id()) {
                $handler_settings['auto_create'] = FALSE;
                $handler_settings['auto_create_bundle'] = NULL;
              }
              $bundles_changed = TRUE;
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    if ($bundles_changed) {
      $field_definition->setSetting('handler_settings', $handler_settings);
    }
    $changed |= $bundles_changed;
    return $changed;
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function getPossibleValues(AccountInterface $account = NULL) {
    return $this->getSettableValues($account);
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function getPossibleOptions(AccountInterface $account = NULL) {
    return $this->getSettableOptions($account);
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function getSettableValues(AccountInterface $account = NULL) {
    // Flatten options first, because "settable options" may contain group
    // arrays.
    $flatten_options = OptGroup::flattenOptions($this->getSettableOptions($account));
    return array_keys($flatten_options);
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function getSettableOptions(AccountInterface $account = NULL) {
    $field_definition = $this->getFieldDefinition();
    if (!($options = \Drupal::service('plugin.manager.entity_reference_selection')->getSelectionHandler($field_definition, $this->getEntity())
      ->getReferenceableEntities())) {
      return [];
    }
    // Rebuild the array by changing the bundle key into the bundle label.
    $target_type = $field_definition->getSetting('target_type');
    $bundles = \Drupal::service('entity_type.bundle.info')->getBundleInfo($target_type);
    $return = [];
    foreach ($options as $bundle => $entity_ids) {
      // The label does not need sanitizing since it is used as an optgroup
      // which is only supported by select elements and auto-escaped.
      $bundle_label = (string) $bundles[$bundle]['label'];
      $return[$bundle_label] = $entity_ids;
    }
    return count($return) == 1 ? reset($return) : $return;
  }
  
  /**
   * Render API callback: Processes the field settings form and allows access to
   * the form state.
   *
   * @see static::fieldSettingsForm()
   */
  public static function fieldSettingsAjaxProcess($form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
    static::fieldSettingsAjaxProcessElement($form, $form);
    return $form;
  }
  
  /**
   * Adds entity_reference specific properties to AJAX form elements from the
   * field settings form.
   *
   * @see static::fieldSettingsAjaxProcess()
   */
  public static function fieldSettingsAjaxProcessElement(&$element, $main_form) {
    if (!empty($element['#ajax'])) {
      $element['#ajax'] = [
        'callback' => [
          get_called_class(),
          'settingsAjax',
        ],
        'wrapper' => $main_form['#id'],
        'element' => $main_form['#array_parents'],
      ];
    }
    foreach (Element::children($element) as $key) {
      static::fieldSettingsAjaxProcessElement($element[$key], $main_form);
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * Render API callback: Moves entity_reference specific Form API elements
   * (i.e. 'handler_settings') up a level for easier processing by the
   * validation and submission handlers.
   *
   * @see _entity_reference_field_settings_process()
   */
  public static function formProcessMergeParent($element) {
    $parents = $element['#parents'];
    array_pop($parents);
    $element['#parents'] = $parents;
    return $element;
  }
  
  /**
   * Ajax callback for the handler settings form.
   *
   * @see static::fieldSettingsForm()
   */
  public static function settingsAjax($form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
    return NestedArray::getValue($form, $form_state->getTriggeringElement()['#ajax']['element']);
  }
  
  /**
   * Submit handler for the non-JS case.
   *
   * @see static::fieldSettingsForm()
   */
  public static function settingsAjaxSubmit($form, FormStateInterface $form_state) {
    $form_state->setRebuild();
  }
  
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public static function getPreconfiguredOptions() {
    $options = [];
    // Add all the commonly referenced entity types as distinct pre-configured
    // options.
    $entity_types = \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getDefinitions();
    $common_references = array_filter($entity_types, function (EntityTypeInterface $entity_type) {
      return $entity_type->isCommonReferenceTarget();
    });
    /** @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityTypeInterface $entity_type */
    foreach ($common_references as $entity_type) {
      $options[$entity_type->id()] = [
        'label' => $entity_type->getLabel(),
        'field_storage_config' => [
          'settings' => [
            'target_type' => $entity_type->id(),
          ],
        ],
      ];
    }
    return $options;
  }

}