class ContentEntityStorageBase

abstract class ContentEntityStorageBase extends EntityStorageBase implements ContentEntityStorageInterface, DynamicallyFieldableEntityStorageInterface, BundleEntityStorageInterface {
    
    /**
     * The entity bundle key.
     *
     * @var string|bool
     */
    protected $bundleKey = FALSE;
    
    /**
     * The entity field manager service.
     *
     * @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityFieldManagerInterface
     */
    protected $entityFieldManager;
    
    /**
     * The entity bundle info.
     *
     * @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityTypeBundleInfoInterface
     */
    protected $entityTypeBundleInfo;
    
    /**
     * Cache backend.
     *
     * @var \Drupal\Core\Cache\CacheBackendInterface
     */
    protected $cacheBackend;
    
    /**
     * Stores the latest revision IDs for entities.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $latestRevisionIds = [];
    
    /**
     * Constructs a ContentEntityStorageBase object.
     *
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityTypeInterface $entity_type
     *   The entity type definition.
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityFieldManagerInterface $entity_field_manager
     *   The entity field manager.
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Cache\CacheBackendInterface $cache
     *   The cache backend to be used.
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Cache\MemoryCache\MemoryCacheInterface $memory_cache
     *   The memory cache backend.
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityTypeBundleInfoInterface $entity_type_bundle_info
     *   The entity type bundle info.
     */
    public function __construct(EntityTypeInterface $entity_type, EntityFieldManagerInterface $entity_field_manager, CacheBackendInterface $cache, MemoryCacheInterface $memory_cache, EntityTypeBundleInfoInterface $entity_type_bundle_info) {
        parent::__construct($entity_type, $memory_cache);
        $this->bundleKey = $this->entityType
            ->getKey('bundle');
        $this->entityFieldManager = $entity_field_manager;
        $this->cacheBackend = $cache;
        $this->entityTypeBundleInfo = $entity_type_bundle_info;
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function create(array $values = []) {
        $bundle = $this->getBundleFromValues($values);
        $entity_class = $this->getEntityClass($bundle);
        // @todo Decide what to do if preCreate() tries to change the bundle.
        // @see https://www.drupal.org/project/drupal/issues/3230792
        $entity_class::preCreate($this, $values);
        // Assign a new UUID if there is none yet.
        if ($this->uuidKey && $this->uuidService && !isset($values[$this->uuidKey])) {
            $values[$this->uuidKey] = $this->uuidService
                ->generate();
        }
        $entity = $this->doCreate($values);
        $entity->enforceIsNew();
        $entity->postCreate($this);
        // Modules might need to add or change the data initially held by the new
        // entity object, for instance to fill-in default values.
        $this->invokeHook('create', $entity);
        return $entity;
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public static function createInstance(ContainerInterface $container, EntityTypeInterface $entity_type) {
        return new static($entity_type, $container->get('entity_field.manager'), $container->get('cache.entity'), $container->get('entity.memory_cache'), $container->get('entity_type.bundle.info'));
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function doCreate(array $values) {
        $bundle = $this->getBundleFromValues($values);
        if ($this->bundleKey && !$bundle) {
            throw new EntityStorageException('Missing bundle for entity type ' . $this->entityTypeId);
        }
        $entity_class = $this->getEntityClass($bundle);
        $entity = new $entity_class([], $this->entityTypeId, $bundle);
        $this->initFieldValues($entity, $values);
        return $entity;
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function getBundleFromClass(string $class_name) : ?string {
        $bundle_for_class = NULL;
        foreach ($this->entityTypeBundleInfo
            ->getBundleInfo($this->entityTypeId) as $bundle => $bundle_info) {
            if (!empty($bundle_info['class']) && $bundle_info['class'] === $class_name) {
                if ($bundle_for_class) {
                    throw new AmbiguousBundleClassException($class_name);
                }
                else {
                    $bundle_for_class = $bundle;
                }
            }
        }
        return $bundle_for_class;
    }
    
    /**
     * Retrieves the bundle from an array of values.
     *
     * @param array $values
     *   An array of values to set, keyed by field name.
     *
     * @return string|null
     *   The bundle or NULL if not set.
     */
    protected function getBundleFromValues(array $values) : ?string {
        $bundle = NULL;
        // Make sure we have a reasonable bundle key. If not, bail early.
        if (!$this->bundleKey || !isset($values[$this->bundleKey])) {
            return NULL;
        }
        // Normalize the bundle value. This is an optimized version of
        // \Drupal\Core\Field\FieldInputValueNormalizerTrait::normalizeValue()
        // because we just need the scalar value.
        $bundle_value = $values[$this->bundleKey];
        if (!is_array($bundle_value)) {
            // The bundle value is a scalar, use it as-is.
            $bundle = $bundle_value;
        }
        elseif (is_numeric(array_keys($bundle_value)[0])) {
            // The bundle value is a field item list array, keyed by delta.
            $bundle = reset($bundle_value[0]);
        }
        else {
            // The bundle value is a field item array, keyed by the field's main
            // property name.
            $bundle = reset($bundle_value);
        }
        return $bundle;
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function getEntityClass(?string $bundle = NULL) : string {
        $entity_class = parent::getEntityClass();
        // If no bundle is set, use the entity type ID as the bundle ID.
        $bundle = $bundle ?? $this->getEntityTypeId();
        // Return the bundle class if it has been defined for this bundle.
        $bundle_info = $this->entityTypeBundleInfo
            ->getBundleInfo($this->entityTypeId);
        $bundle_class = $bundle_info[$bundle]['class'] ?? NULL;
        // Bundle classes should exist and extend the main entity class.
        if ($bundle_class) {
            if (!class_exists($bundle_class)) {
                throw new MissingBundleClassException($bundle_class);
            }
            elseif (!is_subclass_of($bundle_class, $entity_class)) {
                throw new BundleClassInheritanceException($bundle_class, $entity_class);
            }
            return $bundle_class;
        }
        return $entity_class;
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function createWithSampleValues($bundle = FALSE, array $values = []) {
        // ID and revision should never have sample values generated for them.
        $forbidden_keys = [
            $this->entityType
                ->getKey('id'),
        ];
        if ($revision_key = $this->entityType
            ->getKey('revision')) {
            $forbidden_keys[] = $revision_key;
        }
        if ($bundle_key = $this->entityType
            ->getKey('bundle')) {
            if (!$bundle) {
                throw new EntityStorageException("No entity bundle was specified");
            }
            if (!array_key_exists($bundle, $this->entityTypeBundleInfo
                ->getBundleInfo($this->entityTypeId))) {
                throw new EntityStorageException(sprintf("Missing entity bundle. The \"%s\" bundle does not exist", $bundle));
            }
            $values[$bundle_key] = $bundle;
            // Bundle is already set
            $forbidden_keys[] = $bundle_key;
        }
        // Forbid sample generation on any keys whose values were submitted.
        $forbidden_keys = array_merge($forbidden_keys, array_keys($values));
        
        /** @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\FieldableEntityInterface $entity */
        $entity = $this->create($values);
        foreach ($entity as $field_name => $value) {
            if (!in_array($field_name, $forbidden_keys, TRUE)) {
                $entity->get($field_name)
                    ->generateSampleItems();
            }
        }
        return $entity;
    }
    
    /**
     * Initializes field values.
     *
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $entity
     *   An entity object.
     * @param array $values
     *   (optional) An associative array of initial field values keyed by field
     *   name. If none is provided default values will be applied.
     * @param array $field_names
     *   (optional) An associative array of field names to be initialized. If none
     *   is provided all fields will be initialized.
     */
    protected function initFieldValues(ContentEntityInterface $entity, array $values = [], array $field_names = []) {
        // Populate field values.
        foreach ($entity as $name => $field) {
            if (!$field_names || isset($field_names[$name])) {
                if (isset($values[$name])) {
                    $entity->{$name} = $values[$name];
                }
                elseif (!array_key_exists($name, $values)) {
                    $entity->get($name)
                        ->applyDefaultValue();
                }
            }
            unset($values[$name]);
        }
        // Set any passed values for non-defined fields also.
        foreach ($values as $name => $value) {
            $entity->{$name} = $value;
        }
        // Make sure modules can alter field initial values.
        $this->invokeHook('field_values_init', $entity);
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks whether any entity revision is translated.
     *
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\TranslatableInterface $entity
     *   The entity object to be checked.
     *
     * @return bool
     *   TRUE if the entity has at least one translation in any revision, FALSE
     *   otherwise.
     *
     * @see \Drupal\Core\TypedData\TranslatableInterface::getTranslationLanguages()
     * @see \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityStorageBase::isAnyStoredRevisionTranslated()
     */
    protected function isAnyRevisionTranslated(TranslatableInterface $entity) {
        return $entity->getTranslationLanguages(FALSE) || $this->isAnyStoredRevisionTranslated($entity);
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks whether any stored entity revision is translated.
     *
     * A revisionable entity can have translations in a pending revision, hence
     * the default revision may appear as not translated. This determines whether
     * the entity has any translation in the storage and thus should be considered
     * as multilingual.
     *
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\TranslatableInterface $entity
     *   The entity object to be checked.
     *
     * @return bool
     *   TRUE if the entity has at least one translation in any revision, FALSE
     *   otherwise.
     *
     * @see \Drupal\Core\TypedData\TranslatableInterface::getTranslationLanguages()
     * @see \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityStorageBase::isAnyRevisionTranslated()
     */
    protected function isAnyStoredRevisionTranslated(TranslatableInterface $entity) {
        
        /** @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $entity */
        if ($entity->isNew()) {
            return FALSE;
        }
        if ($entity instanceof TranslationStatusInterface) {
            foreach ($entity->getTranslationLanguages(FALSE) as $langcode => $language) {
                if ($entity->getTranslationStatus($langcode) === TranslationStatusInterface::TRANSLATION_EXISTING) {
                    return TRUE;
                }
            }
        }
        $query = $this->getQuery()
            ->condition($this->entityType
            ->getKey('id'), $entity->id())
            ->condition($this->entityType
            ->getKey('default_langcode'), 0)
            ->accessCheck(FALSE)
            ->range(0, 1);
        if ($entity->getEntityType()
            ->isRevisionable()) {
            $query->allRevisions();
        }
        $result = $query->execute();
        return !empty($result);
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function createTranslation(ContentEntityInterface $entity, $langcode, array $values = []) {
        $translation = $entity->getTranslation($langcode);
        $definitions = array_filter($translation->getFieldDefinitions(), function (FieldDefinitionInterface $definition) {
            return $definition->isTranslatable();
        });
        $field_names = array_map(function (FieldDefinitionInterface $definition) {
            return $definition->getName();
        }, $definitions);
        $values[$this->langcodeKey] = $langcode;
        $values[$this->getEntityType()
            ->getKey('default_langcode')] = FALSE;
        $this->initFieldValues($translation, $values, $field_names);
        $this->invokeHook('translation_create', $translation);
        return $translation;
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function createRevision(RevisionableInterface $entity, $default = TRUE, $keep_untranslatable_fields = NULL) {
        
        /** @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $entity */
        $new_revision = clone $entity;
        $original_keep_untranslatable_fields = $keep_untranslatable_fields;
        // For translatable entities, create a merged revision of the active
        // translation and the other translations in the default revision. This
        // permits the creation of pending revisions that can always be saved as the
        // new default revision without reverting changes in other languages.
        if (!$entity->isNew() && !$entity->isDefaultRevision() && $entity->isTranslatable() && $this->isAnyRevisionTranslated($entity)) {
            $active_langcode = $entity->language()
                ->getId();
            $skipped_field_names = array_flip($this->getRevisionTranslationMergeSkippedFieldNames());
            // By default we copy untranslatable field values from the default
            // revision, unless they are configured to affect only the default
            // translation. This way we can ensure we always have only one affected
            // translation in pending revisions. This constraint is enforced by
            // EntityUntranslatableFieldsConstraintValidator.
            if (!isset($keep_untranslatable_fields)) {
                $keep_untranslatable_fields = $entity->isDefaultTranslation() && $entity->isDefaultTranslationAffectedOnly();
            }
            
            /** @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $default_revision */
            $default_revision = $this->load($entity->id());
            $translation_languages = $default_revision->getTranslationLanguages();
            foreach ($translation_languages as $langcode => $language) {
                if ($langcode == $active_langcode) {
                    continue;
                }
                $default_revision_translation = $default_revision->getTranslation($langcode);
                $new_revision_translation = $new_revision->hasTranslation($langcode) ? $new_revision->getTranslation($langcode) : $new_revision->addTranslation($langcode);
                
                /** @var \Drupal\Core\Field\FieldItemListInterface[] $sync_items */
                $sync_items = array_diff_key($keep_untranslatable_fields ? $default_revision_translation->getTranslatableFields() : $default_revision_translation->getFields(), $skipped_field_names);
                foreach ($sync_items as $field_name => $items) {
                    $new_revision_translation->set($field_name, $items->getValue());
                }
                // Make sure the "revision_translation_affected" flag is recalculated.
                $new_revision_translation->setRevisionTranslationAffected(NULL);
                // No need to copy untranslatable field values more than once.
                $keep_untranslatable_fields = TRUE;
            }
            // Make sure we do not inadvertently recreate removed translations.
            foreach (array_diff_key($new_revision->getTranslationLanguages(), $translation_languages) as $langcode => $language) {
                // Allow a new revision to be created for the active language.
                if ($langcode !== $active_langcode) {
                    $new_revision->removeTranslation($langcode);
                }
            }
            // The "original" property is used in various places to detect changes in
            // field values with respect to the stored ones. If the property is not
            // defined, the stored version is loaded explicitly. Since the merged
            // revision generated here is not stored anywhere, we need to populate the
            // "original" property manually, so that changes can be properly detected.
            $new_revision->original = clone $new_revision;
        }
        // Eventually mark the new revision as such.
        $new_revision->setNewRevision();
        $new_revision->isDefaultRevision($default);
        // Actually make sure the current translation is marked as affected, even if
        // there are no explicit changes, to be sure this revision can be related
        // to the correct translation.
        $new_revision->setRevisionTranslationAffected(TRUE);
        // Notify modules about the new revision.
        $arguments = [
            $new_revision,
            $entity,
            $original_keep_untranslatable_fields,
        ];
        $this->moduleHandler()
            ->invokeAll($this->entityTypeId . '_revision_create', $arguments);
        $this->moduleHandler()
            ->invokeAll('entity_revision_create', $arguments);
        return $new_revision;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns an array of field names to skip when merging revision translations.
     *
     * @return array
     *   An array of field names.
     */
    protected function getRevisionTranslationMergeSkippedFieldNames() {
        
        /** @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityTypeInterface $entity_type */
        $entity_type = $this->getEntityType();
        // A list of known revision metadata fields which should be skipped from
        // the comparison.
        $field_names = [
            $entity_type->getKey('revision'),
            $entity_type->getKey('revision_translation_affected'),
        ];
        $field_names = array_merge($field_names, array_values($entity_type->getRevisionMetadataKeys()));
        return $field_names;
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function getLatestRevisionId($entity_id) {
        if (!$this->entityType
            ->isRevisionable()) {
            return NULL;
        }
        if (!isset($this->latestRevisionIds[$entity_id][LanguageInterface::LANGCODE_DEFAULT])) {
            $result = $this->getQuery()
                ->latestRevision()
                ->condition($this->entityType
                ->getKey('id'), $entity_id)
                ->accessCheck(FALSE)
                ->execute();
            $this->latestRevisionIds[$entity_id][LanguageInterface::LANGCODE_DEFAULT] = key($result);
        }
        return $this->latestRevisionIds[$entity_id][LanguageInterface::LANGCODE_DEFAULT];
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function getLatestTranslationAffectedRevisionId($entity_id, $langcode) {
        if (!$this->entityType
            ->isRevisionable()) {
            return NULL;
        }
        if (!$this->entityType
            ->isTranslatable()) {
            return $this->getLatestRevisionId($entity_id);
        }
        if (!isset($this->latestRevisionIds[$entity_id][$langcode])) {
            $result = $this->getQuery()
                ->allRevisions()
                ->condition($this->entityType
                ->getKey('id'), $entity_id)
                ->condition($this->entityType
                ->getKey('revision_translation_affected'), 1, '=', $langcode)
                ->range(0, 1)
                ->sort($this->entityType
                ->getKey('revision'), 'DESC')
                ->accessCheck(FALSE)
                ->execute();
            $this->latestRevisionIds[$entity_id][$langcode] = key($result);
        }
        return $this->latestRevisionIds[$entity_id][$langcode];
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function onFieldStorageDefinitionCreate(FieldStorageDefinitionInterface $storage_definition) {
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function onFieldStorageDefinitionUpdate(FieldStorageDefinitionInterface $storage_definition, FieldStorageDefinitionInterface $original) {
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function onFieldStorageDefinitionDelete(FieldStorageDefinitionInterface $storage_definition) {
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function onFieldDefinitionCreate(FieldDefinitionInterface $field_definition) {
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function onFieldDefinitionUpdate(FieldDefinitionInterface $field_definition, FieldDefinitionInterface $original) {
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function onFieldDefinitionDelete(FieldDefinitionInterface $field_definition) {
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function purgeFieldData(FieldDefinitionInterface $field_definition, $batch_size) {
        $items_by_entity = $this->readFieldItemsToPurge($field_definition, $batch_size);
        foreach ($items_by_entity as $items) {
            $items->delete();
            $this->purgeFieldItems($items->getEntity(), $field_definition);
        }
        return count($items_by_entity);
    }
    
    /**
     * Reads values to be purged for a single field.
     *
     * This method is called during field data purge, on fields for which
     * onFieldDefinitionDelete() has previously run.
     *
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Field\FieldDefinitionInterface $field_definition
     *   The field definition.
     * @param $batch_size
     *   The maximum number of field data records to purge before returning.
     *
     * @return \Drupal\Core\Field\FieldItemListInterface[]
     *   An array of field item lists, keyed by entity revision id.
     */
    protected abstract function readFieldItemsToPurge(FieldDefinitionInterface $field_definition, $batch_size);
    
    /**
     * Removes field items from storage per entity during purge.
     *
     * @param ContentEntityInterface $entity
     *   The entity revision, whose values are being purged.
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Field\FieldDefinitionInterface $field_definition
     *   The field whose values are bing purged.
     */
    protected abstract function purgeFieldItems(ContentEntityInterface $entity, FieldDefinitionInterface $field_definition);
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function finalizePurge(FieldStorageDefinitionInterface $storage_definition) {
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function preLoad(?array &$ids = NULL) {
        $entities = [];
        // Call hook_entity_preload().
        $preload_ids = $ids ?: [];
        $preload_entities = $this->moduleHandler()
            ->invokeAll('entity_preload', [
            $preload_ids,
            $this->entityTypeId,
        ]);
        foreach ((array) $preload_entities as $entity) {
            $entities[$entity->id()] = $entity;
        }
        if ($entities) {
            // If any entities were pre-loaded, remove them from the IDs still to
            // load.
            if ($ids !== NULL) {
                $ids = array_keys(array_diff_key(array_flip($ids), $entities));
            }
            else {
                $result = $this->getQuery()
                    ->accessCheck(FALSE)
                    ->condition($this->entityType
                    ->getKey('id'), array_keys($entities), 'NOT IN')
                    ->execute();
                $ids = array_values($result);
            }
        }
        return $entities;
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function loadRevision($revision_id) {
        $revisions = $this->loadMultipleRevisions([
            $revision_id,
        ]);
        return $revisions[$revision_id] ?? NULL;
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function loadMultipleRevisions(array $revision_ids) {
        $revisions = $this->doLoadMultipleRevisionsFieldItems($revision_ids);
        // The hooks are executed with an array of entities keyed by the entity ID.
        // As we could load multiple revisions for the same entity ID at once we
        // have to build groups of entities where the same entity ID is present only
        // once.
        $entity_groups = [];
        $entity_group_mapping = [];
        foreach ($revisions as $revision) {
            $entity_id = $revision->id();
            $entity_group_key = isset($entity_group_mapping[$entity_id]) ? $entity_group_mapping[$entity_id] + 1 : 0;
            $entity_group_mapping[$entity_id] = $entity_group_key;
            $entity_groups[$entity_group_key][$entity_id] = $revision;
        }
        // Invoke the entity hooks for each group.
        foreach ($entity_groups as $entities) {
            $this->invokeStorageLoadHook($entities);
            $this->postLoad($entities);
        }
        // Ensure that the returned array is ordered the same as the original
        // $ids array if this was passed in and remove any invalid IDs.
        if ($revision_ids) {
            $flipped_ids = array_intersect_key(array_flip($revision_ids), $revisions);
            $revisions = array_replace($flipped_ids, $revisions);
        }
        return $revisions;
    }
    
    /**
     * Actually loads revision field item values from the storage.
     *
     * @param array $revision_ids
     *   An array of revision identifiers.
     *
     * @return \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityInterface[]
     *   The specified entity revisions or an empty array if none are found.
     */
    protected abstract function doLoadMultipleRevisionsFieldItems($revision_ids);
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function doSave($id, EntityInterface $entity) {
        
        /** @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $entity */
        if ($entity->isNew()) {
            // Ensure the entity is still seen as new after assigning it an id, while
            // storing its data.
            $entity->enforceIsNew();
            if ($this->entityType
                ->isRevisionable()) {
                $entity->setNewRevision();
            }
            $return = SAVED_NEW;
        }
        else {
            // @todo Consider returning a different value when saving a non-default
            //   entity revision. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2509360.
            $return = $entity->isDefaultRevision() ? SAVED_UPDATED : FALSE;
        }
        $this->populateAffectedRevisionTranslations($entity);
        // Populate the "revision_default" flag. Skip this when we are resaving
        // the revision, and the flag is set to FALSE, since it is not possible to
        // set a previously default revision to non-default. However, setting a
        // previously non-default revision to default is allowed for advanced
        // use-cases.
        if ($this->entityType
            ->isRevisionable() && ($entity->isNewRevision() || $entity->isDefaultRevision())) {
            $revision_default_key = $this->entityType
                ->getRevisionMetadataKey('revision_default');
            $entity->set($revision_default_key, $entity->isDefaultRevision());
        }
        $this->doSaveFieldItems($entity);
        return $return;
    }
    
    /**
     * Writes entity field values to the storage.
     *
     * This method is responsible for allocating entity and revision identifiers
     * and updating the entity object with their values.
     *
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $entity
     *   The entity object.
     * @param string[] $names
     *   (optional) The name of the fields to be written to the storage. If an
     *   empty value is passed all field values are saved.
     */
    protected abstract function doSaveFieldItems(ContentEntityInterface $entity, array $names = []);
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function doPreSave(EntityInterface $entity) {
        
        /** @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityBase $entity */
        // Sync the changes made in the fields array to the internal values array.
        $entity->updateOriginalValues();
        if ($entity->getEntityType()
            ->isRevisionable() && !$entity->isNew() && empty($entity->getLoadedRevisionId())) {
            // Update the loaded revision id for rare special cases when no loaded
            // revision is given when updating an existing entity. This for example
            // happens when calling save() in hook_entity_insert().
            $entity->updateLoadedRevisionId();
        }
        $id = parent::doPreSave($entity);
        if (!$entity->isNew()) {
            // If the ID changed then original can't be loaded, throw an exception
            // in that case.
            if (empty($entity->original) || $entity->id() != $entity->original
                ->id()) {
                throw new EntityStorageException("Update existing '{$this->entityTypeId}' entity while changing the ID is not supported.");
            }
            // Do not allow changing the revision ID when resaving the current
            // revision.
            if (!$entity->isNewRevision() && $entity->getRevisionId() != $entity->getLoadedRevisionId()) {
                throw new EntityStorageException("Update existing '{$this->entityTypeId}' entity revision while changing the revision ID is not supported.");
            }
        }
        return $id;
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function doPostSave(EntityInterface $entity, $update) {
        
        /** @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $entity */
        if ($update && $this->entityType
            ->isTranslatable()) {
            $this->invokeTranslationHooks($entity);
        }
        parent::doPostSave($entity, $update);
        // The revision is stored, it should no longer be marked as new now.
        if ($this->entityType
            ->isRevisionable()) {
            $entity->updateLoadedRevisionId();
            $entity->setNewRevision(FALSE);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function doDelete($entities) {
        
        /** @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface[] $entities */
        foreach ($entities as $entity) {
            $this->invokeFieldMethod('delete', $entity);
        }
        $this->doDeleteFieldItems($entities);
    }
    
    /**
     * Deletes entity field values from the storage.
     *
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface[] $entities
     *   An array of entity objects to be deleted.
     */
    protected abstract function doDeleteFieldItems($entities);
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function deleteRevision($revision_id) {
        
        /** @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $revision */
        if ($revision = $this->loadRevision($revision_id)) {
            // Prevent deletion if this is the default revision.
            if ($revision->isDefaultRevision()) {
                throw new EntityStorageException('Default revision can not be deleted');
            }
            $this->invokeFieldMethod('deleteRevision', $revision);
            $this->doDeleteRevisionFieldItems($revision);
            $this->invokeHook('revision_delete', $revision);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Deletes field values of an entity revision from the storage.
     *
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $revision
     *   An entity revision object to be deleted.
     */
    protected abstract function doDeleteRevisionFieldItems(ContentEntityInterface $revision);
    
    /**
     * Checks translation statuses and invokes the related hooks if needed.
     *
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $entity
     *   The entity being saved.
     */
    protected function invokeTranslationHooks(ContentEntityInterface $entity) {
        $translations = $entity->getTranslationLanguages(FALSE);
        $original_translations = $entity->original
            ->getTranslationLanguages(FALSE);
        $all_translations = array_keys($translations + $original_translations);
        // Notify modules of translation insertion/deletion.
        foreach ($all_translations as $langcode) {
            if (isset($translations[$langcode]) && !isset($original_translations[$langcode])) {
                $this->invokeHook('translation_insert', $entity->getTranslation($langcode));
            }
            elseif (!isset($translations[$langcode]) && isset($original_translations[$langcode])) {
                $this->invokeHook('translation_delete', $entity->original
                    ->getTranslation($langcode));
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Invokes hook_entity_storage_load().
     *
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface[] $entities
     *   List of entities, keyed on the entity ID.
     */
    protected function invokeStorageLoadHook(array &$entities) {
        if (!empty($entities)) {
            // Call hook_entity_storage_load().
            $this->moduleHandler()
                ->invokeAllWith('entity_storage_load', function (callable $hook, string $module) use (&$entities) {
                $hook($entities, $this->entityTypeId);
            });
            // Call hook_TYPE_storage_load().
            $this->moduleHandler()
                ->invokeAllWith($this->entityTypeId . '_storage_load', function (callable $hook, string $module) use (&$entities) {
                $hook($entities);
            });
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function invokeHook($hook, EntityInterface $entity) {
        
        /** @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $entity */
        switch ($hook) {
            case 'presave':
                $this->invokeFieldMethod('preSave', $entity);
                break;
            case 'insert':
                $this->invokeFieldPostSave($entity, FALSE);
                break;
            case 'update':
                $this->invokeFieldPostSave($entity, TRUE);
                break;
        }
        parent::invokeHook($hook, $entity);
    }
    
    /**
     * Invokes a method on the Field objects within an entity.
     *
     * Any argument passed will be forwarded to the invoked method.
     *
     * @param string $method
     *   The name of the method to be invoked.
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $entity
     *   The entity object.
     *
     * @return array
     *   A multidimensional associative array of results, keyed by entity
     *   translation language code and field name.
     */
    protected function invokeFieldMethod($method, ContentEntityInterface $entity) {
        $result = [];
        $args = array_slice(func_get_args(), 2);
        $langcodes = array_keys($entity->getTranslationLanguages());
        // Ensure that the field method is invoked as first on the current entity
        // translation and then on all other translations.
        $current_entity_langcode = $entity->language()
            ->getId();
        if (reset($langcodes) != $current_entity_langcode) {
            $langcodes = array_diff($langcodes, [
                $current_entity_langcode,
            ]);
            array_unshift($langcodes, $current_entity_langcode);
        }
        foreach ($langcodes as $langcode) {
            $translation = $entity->getTranslation($langcode);
            // For non translatable fields, there is only one field object instance
            // across all translations and it has as parent entity the entity in the
            // default entity translation. Therefore field methods on non translatable
            // fields should be invoked only on the default entity translation.
            $fields = $translation->isDefaultTranslation() ? $translation->getFields() : $translation->getTranslatableFields();
            foreach ($fields as $name => $items) {
                // call_user_func_array() is way slower than a direct call so we avoid
                // using it if have no parameters.
                $result[$langcode][$name] = $args ? call_user_func_array([
                    $items,
                    $method,
                ], $args) : $items->{$method}();
            }
        }
        // We need to call the delete method for field items of removed
        // translations.
        if ($method == 'postSave' && !empty($entity->original)) {
            $original_langcodes = array_keys($entity->original
                ->getTranslationLanguages());
            foreach (array_diff($original_langcodes, $langcodes) as $removed_langcode) {
                
                /** @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $translation */
                $translation = $entity->original
                    ->getTranslation($removed_langcode);
                // Fields may rely on the isDefaultTranslation() method to determine
                // what is going to be deleted - the whole entity or a particular
                // translation.
                if ($translation->isDefaultTranslation()) {
                    $translation->setDefaultTranslationEnforced(FALSE);
                }
                $fields = $translation->getTranslatableFields();
                foreach ($fields as $name => $items) {
                    $items->delete();
                }
            }
        }
        return $result;
    }
    
    /**
     * Invokes the post save method on the Field objects within an entity.
     *
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $entity
     *   The entity object.
     * @param bool $update
     *   Specifies whether the entity is being updated or created.
     */
    protected function invokeFieldPostSave(ContentEntityInterface $entity, $update) {
        // For each entity translation this returns an array of resave flags keyed
        // by field name, thus we merge them to obtain a list of fields to resave.
        $resave = [];
        foreach ($this->invokeFieldMethod('postSave', $entity, $update) as $translation_results) {
            $resave += array_filter($translation_results);
        }
        if ($resave) {
            $this->doSaveFieldItems($entity, array_keys($resave));
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Checks whether the field values changed compared to the original entity.
     *
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Field\FieldDefinitionInterface $field_definition
     *   Field definition of field to compare for changes.
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $entity
     *   Entity to check for field changes.
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $original
     *   Original entity to compare against.
     *
     * @return bool
     *   True if the field value changed from the original entity.
     */
    protected function hasFieldValueChanged(FieldDefinitionInterface $field_definition, ContentEntityInterface $entity, ContentEntityInterface $original) {
        $field_name = $field_definition->getName();
        $langcodes = array_keys($entity->getTranslationLanguages());
        if ($langcodes !== array_keys($original->getTranslationLanguages())) {
            // If the list of langcodes has changed, we need to save.
            return TRUE;
        }
        foreach ($langcodes as $langcode) {
            $items = $entity->getTranslation($langcode)
                ->get($field_name)
                ->filterEmptyItems();
            $original_items = $original->getTranslation($langcode)
                ->get($field_name)
                ->filterEmptyItems();
            // If the field items are not equal, we need to save.
            if (!$items->equals($original_items)) {
                return TRUE;
            }
        }
        return FALSE;
    }
    
    /**
     * Populates the affected flag for all the revision translations.
     *
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface $entity
     *   An entity object being saved.
     */
    protected function populateAffectedRevisionTranslations(ContentEntityInterface $entity) {
        if ($this->entityType
            ->isTranslatable() && $this->entityType
            ->isRevisionable()) {
            $languages = $entity->getTranslationLanguages();
            foreach ($languages as $langcode => $language) {
                $translation = $entity->getTranslation($langcode);
                $current_affected = $translation->isRevisionTranslationAffected();
                if (!isset($current_affected) || $entity->isNewRevision() && !$translation->isRevisionTranslationAffectedEnforced()) {
                    // When setting the revision translation affected flag we have to
                    // explicitly set it to not be enforced. By default it will be
                    // enforced automatically when being set, which allows us to determine
                    // if the flag has been already set outside the storage in which case
                    // we should not recompute it.
                    // @see \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityBase::setRevisionTranslationAffected().
                    $new_affected = $translation->hasTranslationChanges() ? TRUE : NULL;
                    $translation->setRevisionTranslationAffected($new_affected);
                    $translation->setRevisionTranslationAffectedEnforced(FALSE);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Ensures integer entity key values are valid.
     *
     * The identifier sanitization provided by this method has been introduced
     * as Drupal used to rely on the database to facilitate this, which worked
     * correctly with MySQL but led to errors with other DBMS such as PostgreSQL.
     *
     * @param array $ids
     *   The entity key values to verify.
     * @param string $entity_key
     *   (optional) The entity key to sanitize values for. Defaults to 'id'.
     *
     * @return array
     *   The sanitized list of entity key values.
     */
    protected function cleanIds(array $ids, $entity_key = 'id') {
        $definitions = $this->entityFieldManager
            ->getActiveFieldStorageDefinitions($this->entityTypeId);
        $field_name = $this->entityType
            ->getKey($entity_key);
        if ($field_name && $definitions[$field_name]->getType() == 'integer') {
            $ids = array_filter($ids, function ($id) {
                return is_numeric($id) && $id == (int) $id;
            });
            $ids = array_map('intval', $ids);
        }
        return $ids;
    }
    
    /**
     * Gets entities from the persistent cache backend.
     *
     * @param array|null &$ids
     *   If not empty, return entities that match these IDs. IDs that were found
     *   will be removed from the list.
     *
     * @return \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface[]
     *   Array of entities from the persistent cache.
     */
    protected function getFromPersistentCache(?array &$ids = NULL) {
        if (!$this->entityType
            ->isPersistentlyCacheable() || empty($ids)) {
            return [];
        }
        $entities = [];
        // Build the list of cache entries to retrieve.
        $cid_map = [];
        foreach ($ids as $id) {
            $cid_map[$id] = $this->buildCacheId($id);
        }
        $cids = array_values($cid_map);
        if ($cache = $this->cacheBackend
            ->getMultiple($cids)) {
            // Get the entities that were found in the cache.
            foreach ($ids as $index => $id) {
                $cid = $cid_map[$id];
                if (isset($cache[$cid])) {
                    $entities[$id] = $cache[$cid]->data;
                    unset($ids[$index]);
                }
            }
        }
        return $entities;
    }
    
    /**
     * Stores entities in the persistent cache backend.
     *
     * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityInterface[] $entities
     *   Entities to store in the cache.
     */
    protected function setPersistentCache($entities) {
        if (!$this->entityType
            ->isPersistentlyCacheable()) {
            return;
        }
        $cache_tags = [
            $this->entityTypeId . '_values',
            'entity_field_info',
        ];
        $items = [];
        foreach ($entities as $id => $entity) {
            $items[$this->buildCacheId($id)] = [
                'data' => $entity,
                'tags' => $cache_tags,
            ];
        }
        $this->cacheBackend
            ->setMultiple($items);
    }
    
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function loadUnchanged($id) {
        $entities = [];
        $ids = [
            $id,
        ];
        // The cache invalidation in the parent has the side effect that loading the
        // same entity again during the save process (for example in
        // hook_entity_presave()) will load the unchanged entity. Simulate this
        // by explicitly removing the entity from the static cache.
        parent::resetCache($ids);
        // Gather entities from a 'preload' hook. This hook can be used by modules
        // that need, for example, to return a different revision than the default
        // one for revisionable entity types.
        $preloaded_entities = $this->preLoad($ids);
        if (!empty($preloaded_entities)) {
            $entities += $preloaded_entities;
        }
        // The default implementation in the parent class unsets the current cache
        // and then reloads the entity. That is slow, especially if this is done
        // repeatedly in the same request, e.g. when validating and then saving
        // an entity. Optimize this for content entities by trying to load them
        // directly from the persistent cache again, as in contrast to the static
        // cache the persistent one will never be changed until the entity is saved.
        $entities += $this->getFromPersistentCache($ids);
        if (!$entities) {
            $entities[$id] = $this->load($id);
        }
        else {
            // As the entities are put into the persistent cache before the post load
            // has been executed we have to execute it if we have retrieved the
            // entity directly from the persistent cache.
            $this->postLoad($entities);
            // As we've removed the entity from the static cache already we have to
            // put the loaded unchanged entity there to simulate the behavior of the
            // parent.
            $this->setStaticCache($entities);
        }
        return $entities[$id];
    }
    
    /**
     * Resets the entity cache.
     *
     * Content entities have both an in-memory static cache and a persistent
     * cache. Use this method to clear all caches. To clear just the in-memory
     * cache, use the 'entity.memory_cache' service.
     *
     * @param array $ids
     *   (optional) If specified, the cache is reset for the entities with the
     *   given ids only.
     */
    public function resetCache(?array $ids = NULL) {
        if ($ids) {
            parent::resetCache($ids);
            if ($this->entityType
                ->isPersistentlyCacheable()) {
                $cids = [];
                foreach ($ids as $id) {
                    unset($this->latestRevisionIds[$id]);
                    $cids[] = $this->buildCacheId($id);
                }
                $this->cacheBackend
                    ->deleteMultiple($cids);
            }
        }
        else {
            parent::resetCache();
            if ($this->entityType
                ->isPersistentlyCacheable()) {
                Cache::invalidateTags([
                    $this->entityTypeId . '_values',
                ]);
            }
            $this->latestRevisionIds = [];
        }
    }

}